Basics of Fluid Mechanics.

 What are fluids.

Fluid are mainly liquid or gases or vapours which can flow when applied force or shear force on them. In academics of chemical engineering, fluid flow operation or fluid mechanics plays an important role. Apart from this, it has application in wide range of disciplines including mechanical, civil, Biochemical engineering etc.

The behaviour of fluid is important to process engineering or studying Unit operation. It also helps in the understanding problem very accurately in the movement of fluid through Pipes, channels, or Pumps and all kind of process equipment.

What is fluid mechanics.

Fluid flow operation or fluid mechanics is a branch of engineering that deals with studying behaviour of fluid and it's physics.
Fluid mechanics, in turn, are divided into vast sections like FLUID STATICS AND FLUID DYNAMICS.
Fluid statics is a branch of fluid mechanics that allows studying fluids in a rest position or not in motion. I.e Absence of any stress or force like water in tank or ponds.
Fluid dynamic allows the study of fluid where a portion or fluid as a whole in effect by the presence of stress or force like the flow of fluid through pumps or pipes.

Fluid mechanics wholly depends on empirical or semi-empirical laws which can be used to solve a practical problem.

 Applications of Fluid mechanics.

Application of fluid mechanics lies within another subdiscipline like aerodynamics which is used to study the effect of air or gases, the drag force on submerged solids in fluid.
The major assumption to fluid mechanics can be expressed in terms of mathematical expression I.e Ideal or empirical fluid in fluid mechanics are assumed to obey

1.Conservation of mass.
2.Conservation of energy.
3.Conservation of momentum.

Here, conservation of mass, means mass in any control volume I.e body under consideration or study is conserved. In easy words, the rate of change of mass contained in the control volume is equal to the rate of mass passing through the surface. (If all accumulation or losses are neglected.)

 Classification of fluids.

Apart from these, fluid is classified as a Newtonian and non-Newtonian fluid which are classified on the basis of rheological properties of fluid I.e Relationship between shear stress and shear rate in real fluids.
All these are governed by newton law of viscosity.which state that for fluid under consideration shear stress is directly proportional to shear rate.
Here, shear stress is the force exerted on a normal surface.
Shear rate or velocity gradient is the rate of change of velocity with the position.
And viscosity is the difficulty in fluid flow.

Minus sign shows that on increasing stress, the shear rate decreases.
Unit of viscosity is Poise which is
gm/(cm ×sec ).

Kinematic viscosity is the ratio of dynamic viscosity to density of the fluid.
Density is mass per unit volume of fluid. (kg/m^3).

Thank you for today and in the next blog, we will see some other major topic in fluid mechanics.
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